How does the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 define a specific learning disability?

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) of 2004 defines a specific learning disability as a disorder that affects one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language. This definition emphasizes cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and information processing, which are critical to learning.

By focusing on the basic psychological processes, the definition highlights that specific learning disabilities can manifest in various ways, impacting a person's ability to read, write, perform math calculations, or communicate effectively. This perspective is vital as it guides educators and specialists in identifying and providing appropriate interventions and supports for individuals experiencing such challenges.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the IDEA's definition. A disorder impacting emotional well-being pertains more to emotional disturbances, while a disorder limited to physical capabilities focuses on physical disabilities rather than learning disabilities. Lastly, a disorder unrelated to language use does not apply, as language is integral to the understanding and definition of specific learning disabilities outlined in the act.